Chess Games Terms Part 2

Chess Games Terms, part 2  includes a detailed explanation of Check and Checkmate along with types of checks located in one section below for easy access.

Chess Games Terms: A

• Advanced Pawn: on the opposing player's side of the chessboard. An advanced pawn may be fragile if is overextended or difficult to defend.
• Attack: can be either short or long term as with a mating attack.

Chess Games Terms: B

• Back Rank: chess pieces in opening array, player’s first rank.
• Back Rank Mate: checkmate by a rook or queen as the king is in a blocked position.
• Backward Pawn: stationed behind like-colored pawns, cannot advance without support of another pawn.
• Bishops On Opposite Colors: occurs when each side has only bishops remaining on light and dark squares respectively.
• Bishop Pair: occurs when 2 bishops are positioned on opposite colors. Perceived to be an advantage over two knights or a knight and a bishop.
• Blockade: chess strategy of positioning a minor piece in front of an enemy pawn, thus gaining shelter from an attack.
• Break: occurs when a pawn advance or capture opens up a blocked position.
• Breakthrough: a sacrifice that results in the ruin of a robust defense.
  
  

Chess Terms: C

• Capture: to eliminate the opposing player’s piece/pawn by using your chess pieces.
• Castling: once in every game, the King has the option of moving two steps. This is done in the move called Castling and is performed in combination with either of the Rooks. It is performed in this way: if the space between the King and Rook are unoccupied, the King moves two squares to the right or left, and the Rook is brought to the square next to the King on the side farthest from the corner from which it was moved.The player cannot castle, if either the King or Rook has been previously moved or if the King passes over or rests on a square commanded by an opponent’s piece, or if the King is in check.

Check and Checkmate: The King always remains on the board and cannot be taken like the other pieces.  When he is attacked by a piece or pawn, he is said to be in “check”, a position of which the player receives warning by his opponent saying check!
Under such circumstances, he must do one of three things:
1) He must move out of check, put one of his pieces in the way or take the piece that attacks him.
2) In taking a piece, the King must move onto the opponents square, as all other pieces must do, to take the opponent.
3) If the King can do neither of these things, he is said to be checkmated, and he has lost the game.

Types of check
Simple Check: when the King is attacked by a single piece or pawn.
Discovered Check: when, by removing a piece or pawn in front of a checking piece, an attacker is opened or discovered and puts the King in check.
Double Check: occurs when the adverse King is attacked by two pieces at once at the same time. The double check occurs in consequence of a discovered check.
Perpetual Check: occurs when the opposing forces can occupy such a position as allows the adverse King no escape from one attack without rendering liable to another.This may occur when the King is attacked by one or more pieces; and if the player insists on repeating the check, the game is ended by being drawn.

• Chessboard: has 64 checkerboard squares (8 rows x 8 columns) displayed in alternating light and dark colors.
• Connected Passed Pawns: pawns passed on adjacent files.
• Connected Rooks: occurs when 2 rooks of the same rank/color are positioned with no pieces between them.
• Counterplay: player move from a defensive position.
• Cover: to either control a square or protect a chess piece.
• Cramped: having limited movement.
• Cross-check: a check in answer to a player’s check.
  

Chess Terms: D

• Decoy: strategy to tempt an opposing player’s chess piece to an undesirable square.
• Diagonal: line-up of like colored squares that are adjacent where a queen or bishop can move.
• Discovered Attack: by a queen, rook or bishop. Occurs when another chess piece or pawn moves out of its way.
  
• Double Attack: occurs in one move, sometimes by the same chess piece.
• Double Pawn: when two of your pawns stand on the same file, the front one is called a double pawn.
• Drawn Game: if neither player can checkmate his opponent, the result is a drawn game. There are several situations of a drawn game: by stalemate, by perpetual check, or when both parties persist in acting on the defensive. Also, when the forces on each side are equal or nearly so. For example, Queen against Queen, with no effective resolution. Or when the attacking person is unable to  checkmate in fifty moves.
  

Chess Games Terms is followed by terms E-Z, part 3
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